31.   SEX OF NEWBORN IN RELATION TO NVP OR HG

1.   No significant difference in emesis rate could be ascribed to the sex of the newborn. 102 women. (19)

2.   In all results concerning the outcome of pregnancy, including the male-female ratio of the offspring, the two groups (those with and those without emesis) showed no significant difference. 500 women, 124 had no symptoms. (27)

3.   The percentage of women nauseated during pregnancy was 70.1% in those who delivered a boy and 73.3% in those who delivered a girl, a difference that was not statistically significant. 7,767 pregnancies. (51)

4.   There was no association between hours of nausea and sex of the baby. 363 women. (53)

5.   There was no statistical significance in the gender of the offspring between the women with hyperemesis gravidarum (164 women) and the control group (209 women). (64)

6.   In hyperemesis gravidarum there were fewer male infants. 3,068 women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Nearly one million births. (29)

7.   There was a significant correlation between participants who later gave birth to girls and the vomiting or retching subscale (P=0.015). These women experience more severe vomiting or retching than those bearing male infants. P

8.   There was a significant correlation between women who later gave birth to girls and the vomiting and retching subscale. 66 women with hyperemesis gravidarum. (49)

9.   Although the male to female ratio of all births was 51.4/48.6, the ratio among mothers admitted to hospital for hyperemesis gravidarum during the first trimester was 44.3/55.7 P

10.   The occurrence of nausea and vomiting did not predict the sex of the child. 160 women in study. (80)

11.   Pregnant women hospitalised for hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester had a 50% increased odds of having a female infant compared with controls (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.4, 1.7). Women hospitalised for three or more days had the greatest odds of having a female infant compared with control women. (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.5, 2.0).  2,110 women hospitalised for hyperemesis gravidarum.

         9,783 pregnant women without hyperemesis gravidarum. (127)

12.   Admission for Hyperemesis.

Total number of admissions for HG = 1270 (158)

13.   One hundred (60.2%) Asian women admitted with HG had female offspring compared with 2311 (48.5%) female babies in our control group who gave birth in 2003 p=0.004 O.R. 1.6, 95% CL 1.2 – 2.2. Female fetal sex was significantly associated with high urea and severe ketonuria. (159).

Summary

No association between sex of newborn in mothers with NVP.

(19) (27) (51) (53) (64) (80)                                                            Total:            Six References

Infant girls more common when mother has hyperemesis gravidarum or severe NVP.

(29) (48) t (49) (66) t (127) (158)            (159)                               Total:            Seven References

Pooled population 15,430 pregnancies

tP Value Recorded